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The creation of the universe

The universe has existed for 15 billion years. One hundredth of a second after the Big Bang, atomic particles, protons, neutrons and electrons appeared. Deuterium nuclei (1 proton, 1 neutron and 1 electron) were formed after 1 second and helium nuclei (2 protons, 2 neutrons) after 15 minutes. And then the Creation slowed down its pace.... The lightest atoms were formed 300,000 years later. These were hydrogen atoms (1 proton and 1 electron) and helium atoms (2 proton, 2 neutrons, 2 electrons). Cold clouds of hydrogen and helium appeared after 1 million years. Under the influence of gravity the density of these clouds became greater and the first galaxies were born in which the first proto stars were born. It is now 100 million years after the Big Bang. The stars and planets as we know them today appeared 5 billion years after the Big Bang. At that time, the Earth was already 4.6 billion years of age, more than 10 billion years after the Big Bang.

Life on Earth

Initially, the Earth was just a ball of melted lava, with an atmosphere of water vapor and poisonous gases. Cooling down, the surface solidified and became the earth's crust. Gradually, the water vapor condensed into oceans in which bacteria appeared and grew. These bacteria were made of one cell, but already possessed the essential property of life: a DNA chain. A billion years later, these cells were given a nucleus. This more complex internal organization would pave the way for cooperation between cells. Groups of bacteria that lived in symbiosis even went as far as staying together permanently. Within that colloquium, each cell began to specialize. Therefore, complex living organisms exist thanks to co-operation.

Creation is accelerating

The first multi-cellular organisms appeared about 1.3 billion years ago, i.e. 3 billion years after the creation of the planet, and 14 billion years after the creation of the universe. Then the rhythm of creation accelerates again in a dizzying way. From now on, we cannot speak any longer in terms of billions, but in terms of millions of years. The first "animals", molluscs and corals, appear 500 million years after the first multi-cellular organisms. One hundred million years later, shells grow, while algae adapt to life outside the water to create the first plants. Another 200 million years and the first terrestrial beings are born; insects, amphibians and reptiles. While coniferous forests thrive in tropical climates, mutant reptiles turn into dinosaurs. That was 300 million years ago. For 240 million years, they ruled the planet, destroyed forests, and prevented the development of more advanced life forms, such as the first mammals to serve as their food.

Mammals

The era of mammals began with the extinction of dinosaurs, probably as a result of the fall of an asteroid. The dust mass generated by the shock would have obscured our planetary atmosphere. The temperature of the Earth fell to a deadly level for the dinosaurs. But some of them may have mutated to breed. They are new creatures that still exist today: birds. The expansion of mammals took place only 50 million years ago. This time frame represents only the last 0.3% of a universe that already exists for 15 billion years. Another consequence of the Earth cooling is, that the carbon-rich forests have made way for the trees we know today. The giant equoia trees were born.

The appearance of man

The oldest ancestors of man (the Australopithecus) appeared 4 million years ago. The ancestors who are a little closer to us (like the homo erectus), began to use tools. 750,000 years ago, the fire was controlled for the first time. From now on we're still changing the time scale by speaking of thousands of years. The present man (homo sapiens-sapiens) appeared 200,000 years ago, a time span that represents only 0.0013% of the life span of the universe. Of these 200,000 years, 194,000 years correspond to the so-called 'prehistory'. The people of that time lived in nomadic groups and fed on collecting, hunting and fishing. They are aware of death, use language, sculpt objects and create artistic representations like paintings on rocks.

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